The emergence of E-skins

Putting clock-radio-style numbers on your skin might not seem all that desirable. But these flashing digits are the proof of concept for a new electronic skin. In theory, "e-skins" like the one described Friday in Science Advances could be used for everything from monitoring vital signs to making wearable electronics a whole lot more wearable. Lots of researchers are working on "smart skins." The idea is to package electronic sensors into a super-thin, super-flexible material — so thin and flexible that the user could wear it like a temporary tattoo. Recently, one research group even made a functional smart skin out of office supplies, such as Post-it notes and foil, showing that the whisper-thin electronic sensors need not be made from expensive materials.
Creating smart skins that include display screens is the ultimate goal: This would allow hospitals to monitor the vital signs of their patients with a simple stick-on patch. And in your day-to-day life, you could have the capabilities of a smartwatch in the palm of your hand — or wherever else you wanted them.

"The advent of mobile phones has changed the way we communicate. While these communication tools are getting smaller and smaller, they are still discrete devices that we have to carry with us," study author Takao Someya of the University of Tokyo said in a statement. "What would the world be like if we had displays that could adhere to our bodies and even show our emotions or level of stress or unease? In addition to not having to carry a device with us at all times, they might enhance the way we interact with those around us or add a whole new dimension to how we communicate."
What's new about this latest skin is its longevity: Unlike most skins, which can work for only a few hours, the prototype worked for more than a day. This is because the University of Tokyo team created a protective coating to keep air and water vapor out of the skin's delicate inner workings. They also report that the polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) that create the skin's displays are more efficient than those produced previously.
All of this comes in a package just 3 micrometers thick, which is thinner than some spider silks and less than a tenth the width of human hair. For now, the skin just displays blood oxygen levels, which are detected by measuring light as it passes through the body. In this case, a light-emitting skin would be stuck to the finger to read blood oxygen levels, and the results would be displayed on the larger smart skin display. Replacing a fingertip pulse oximeter with a couple of temporary tattoos isn't exactly earth-shattering, but it's a step in the right direction. And according to other researchers, the team's super-flexible protective layer could be used to make other devices more resilient.
"The formation of [an] ultrathin and flexible passivation layer is a challenging task," Hyunhyub Ko of the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology told Live Science. "Their fabrication process includes the solution coating and chemical vapor deposition methods, and thus can be scaled up for commercial products."
It may be a while before smart skins make it into your local hospital — or onto your body. But in a world where we're increasingly attached to our electronic devices, fusing directly to the technology seems kind of inevitable. Watching videos incognito on the inside of your hand will take some more sophisticated light emitters than are currently available at this size and flexibility, but it's not hard to reimagine the Tokyo team's blood oxygen monitor as a calendar, clock or notification counter.